Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a result of a seated lifestyle (in more than 75% of cases) that inherent most modern professions.In order to stop the first signs of the disease, it is sufficient to change eating habits and increase physical activity.Varicose veins on the legs are affected with the appearance of trophic tubes.Therefore, it is inappropriate and uncertain to start the state of health.
What are varicose veins?
The disease is directly related to venous blood flow.The more often the blood stagnates in the veins, the higher the likelihood of expanding your walls.A healthy organism contributes to a complete blood circulation (in addition to cardiac activity) by regularly reducing the muscle fibers.Thanks to the functionality of the muscles:
- The pressure increases systematically and decreases in the vessels
- Valves of the veins have a harmonious effect: they open and close according to the heart rhythm accordingly
- Blood has no time to stagnate, the speed of its circulation enables them to pump the full passage of the veins
If the arterial blood flow of the legs is facilitated by the attraction, the body makes additional efforts to implement venous and press blood from the bottom up to the heart.The cause of the destabilization of the blood circulation is incomplete closing of the venous valves.The staging of blood between the flaps leads to an even greater extent of the veins.This condition is referred to as varicose veins.
Symptoms
If you do not pay attention to the first signs of a pathology, there is a high risk of subsequent progression in more severe stages.The results may be disappointing - until the beginning of death.So do not delay with prevention and therapy if the following symptoms occur:
- Pain limitation The lower limbs, increased tiredness is determined.
- The veins of a dark shadow (bluish or reddish) arches above the skin surface.
- Swelling of the legs (with damage to the surface and deep veins), sometimes cramps are possible.
- Pigment spots on the skin of ankles, legs.
The neglected stages are characterized by the formation of ulcers.Their localization is mainly the area of the leg joints.The above signs show a pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Level I and II
They are caused by the presence of pain, nightly seizures in the legs, a feeling of severity.However, diagnostic information does not indicate the presence of the disease.A vascular network, bluish nodules or "stars" manifests itself.The enlarged vein is visible and touches.After a sharp load on the legs or the long -term stay in a seated position, the vessels of the volume increase.
Level III and IV
They are characterized by systematic swelling of the legs, mainly in the evening, when the body manages to get tired in one day.In the morning the symptoms are reduced due to the night's sleep.The following are the predecessors of trophic ulcers:
- Unnatural, dark skin tone (up to black)-draw an excessive accumulation of pigments.
- Inflammation of the epithelial tissue of different intensity - from minor redness to huge crying eczu.
- Atrophic processes of the epidermis, which contain the troughs of a bright shadow on the skin of the legs.
A trophic ulcer occurs due to the lack of nutrients in the lower extremities.In the last 4 stages of an ulcer it gets a chronic character and does not heal for a long time.
Stadiums of varicose veins
Naive patients believe that when the veins of varicose veins visually manifest themselves, no need to worry.The diagnosis can show the presence of a disease even with the most minimal symptoms - severity, periodic tingling, unpleasant sensations in the legs.It is necessary to treat your own sensations carefully, especially with cramps or pain in calves.The prescribed medication, therapeutic methods improve the continuousness in the legs, the condition of the cardiovascular system of the entire organism.
Primary
It has an independent form of pathogenesis.A genetic predisposition against the background of a congenital anomaly of connective tissue, vascular walls, is determined.The disturbed blood circulation in such patients is natural.The provocative factor of the primary varicose veins is:
- Excess body weight of the body
- Pregnancy in which the pollution of the ships increases
- Long -term nososa or stockings with tight rubber bands
- Daily activities that interpret a long -term stay in a constant position
If the venous walls are weak from the moment of birth, one of the circumstances mentioned above cause the destabilization of blood flow and the development of pathology.
Secondary
Women of reproductive and middle age are exposed to its development.Secondary varicose veins are a result of an inactive lifestyle, hormonal disorders, pregnancy and excessive stress on the legs.The pathology arises as a complication of transmitted diseases of infectious or oncological formation.The etiology of the disease includes traumatic vascular damage.Degenerative changes lead to the following phenomena:
- Damage to the integrity of the venous valves
- Worsening of the muscle tone of vascular walls
- Kley tissue nutrition, lack of oxygen enrichment
- Violation of the blood drainage by through veins
- Increased venous pressure
- The appearance of trophic ulcers is the result of late therapy
During the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases of all forms of pathogens, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the legs.It is recommended to carry out varicose veins and timely types of suitable exams.It is advisable to be less time in a seated position.The veins of the pelvis and hips are pressed, which negatively influences their tone.
Reasons
The main factor of the etiology of varicose veins is genetics.In addition, it does not matter in which areas of the body the disease were localized in relatives.If the genus is inherent to a gene that carries information about the weakness of blood vessels, it will appear sooner or later if it contributes to this:
- Settled lifestyle, daily long-term work in a seat or standing position
- Excessive pressure on the legs associated with the lifting or movable weight
- Alcohol abuse, smoking, drugs
- Lack of the desire for physical exercises
- In the long term wearing shoes with high rivals
If the pathology has already been diagnosed, it is necessary to start treatment as soon as possible.
Violation of the valve appeals
According to the results of numerous clinical studies, etiopathogenetic mechanisms that lead to varicose veins with a lack of flap are reliably unknown.However, it is known that the valves do not completely overlap the lumen of the vessel in improper operation, which leads to flowing blood and the development of stagnation.This leads to such violations:
- Stretching of the walls of the veins
- Reduction of elasticity and the ability to restore the shape
- Strengthening the blood stagnation
As a result, the disorders of the symptoms manifest themselves in the form of edema, pain and trophic disorders.The work of venous flaps is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors: inheritance, pregnancy, weight, physical activity, hormonal restructuring of the body.
pregnancy
During pregnancy, women are exposed to the development of varicose veins.This is due to hormonal changes and an increased load on the internal organs, lower limbs.With every subsequent pregnancy, the risk of vascular injury increases.In this case, varicose veins can not only affect the lower limbs, but also a small pool, labia and uterus.
Climax
During the menopause there is a restructuring of the hormonal background, which can lead to an increased risk of varicose veins.Varicose veins can affect not only the legs, but also the organs of the pelvis, which is why the violation is often confused with inflammatory diseases: cystitis, endometriosis.Varicose veins arise from a decrease in the elasticity of the venous walls, with a reverse blood being pressed through the vessels.
Prostate -adenom
The prostate adenoma is a pathological state that is accompanied by prostate tissues and discharge disorders in the urine.Adenom creates complaints about it:
- Ucubsiing -urinen
- Weakened urine current
- Especially involuntary urine assignment at night
After emptying the bladder, there is no relief, symptoms and mental stress.With a complete urine delay, the inflammatory process can develop and the risk of stone formation increases.In severe cases, poisoning and kidney failure occur.The lack of high -quality therapy of the prostate adenoma is affected with complications, of which a varicose vein is.
Reception of hormonal contraceptives
The reception of hormonal contraceptives is associated with a high risk of vascular complications: varicose veins, thrombosis.Such a group of medicinal products causes a dose -dependent effect: an excessive estrogen risk is equated with an increased probability of thrombosis.With an inherited disposition for varicose veins, it is recommended to use hormonal means and to take into account the possibility of using other, secure contraceptive methods.
Hereditary disposition
The hereditary disposition is one of the key factors that leads to the development of varicose veins.In humans with such a risk factor, the formation of a fine vascular network is observed.At the first signs of a violation, it is important to control the efforts to prevent further progress in the disease: If you use compression knitting, rutin -based preparations and diosmine, specify the moderate physical exertion, watch the drinking mode and make yoga.
Inadequate physical activity
The hypodynamic lifestyle often leads to the progress of varicose veins.The care of the selection of suitable physical exertion with the existing varicose veins must be negotiated with a phlebologist for the time being.Clear advantages are brought into the fresh air every day at a comfortable pace: at least 10,000 steps a day.The venous system loves mobile sports.Of particular benefit for swimming, running, cycling, scandinavian walking.It is recommended to rule out the implementation of the exercises that can cause traumatic lesions of the lower extremities.
Overweight
Excess body weight is a risk factor that increases the predisposition to the development of varicose veins.The situation is worsened when other diseases, hormonal changes and bad habits combine.People with varicose veins are not recommended to adhere to a severe diet and mono diet.Therefore, the process of weight should be as soft and natural as possible.If the patient directs the efforts to normalize body weight, he automatically slows down the progression of varicose veins.
In the early stages of varicose veins, the drainage of venous blood slows down under the influence of hereditary and predisposing factors.Excess body weight only tightens this situation.Pathological changes within the flaps and blood vessels lead to activating a special mechanism - "leukocyte rolls".This leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the endothelial layers and the development of inflammatory reactions.The pathological process gradually extends to the entire channel of the venous vessels, causing the thinning and stretching of the venous walls as well as the deformation of the valves.
An unhealthy lifestyle
People who do not adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle.The situation is complicated with a motionless or inactive lifestyle, malnutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, standing or sitting for long static loads.In order to prevent further progression of varicose veins, efforts to correct lifestyle must therefore be directed: revise the daily diet, normalize weight, get rid of poor habits.
Leg injuries
Traumatic lesions of the legs are often complicated by varicose veins.A variety of damage can affect the condition of flaps and veins: bruising from soft tissue, damage to the joints, violating bone integrity.Injuries of muscles, joints and bones lead to edema, violations of the blood drainage in the area of superficial and deep veins.
Stagnation can also be triggered by minor injuries that require compliance with the bed rest.Bone breaks are associated with a high risk of thrombosis.Medical statistics confirm that the risk of developing varicose veins in humans who have suffered foot injuries is several times higher than in the rest. When they are injured, the efforts are initially directed to their treatment.In the future, medication will be selected to ensure optimal blood flow and prevent the thinning of blood vessels.It is advisable to use compression knitting pathways selected by a phlebologist.
Possible complications
In addition to movements in motion, pain is a threat to blood clots. They come and cause death.Due to the circulation of a torn blood clot, not only the vessels of the limbs, but also the pulmonary artery can suffer from blood flow.At the same time, thromboembolism is diagnosed with the relief of blood supply to the lungs.The consequences of varicose veins are often:
- phlebitis
- Stagnating dermatitis
- Chronic venous deficiency
- Restless -Begs -Syndrome
Septic thrombophlebitis occurs due to the purulent decomposition of a blood clot in the blood plasma.The aseptic phlebitis is a possible complication of the injection in Viennese special substances to accuse their lumen (sclerosis).
Diagnosis
The Doppler study is a standard diagnosis method for varicose veins.It is often used for the primary suspicion of pathology without obvious external signs, provides clear ideas about its presence or absence.UZDS -Ultrasound -Duplex scanning, refers to professional research methods.Combine the possibilities of ultrasound and Dopplerography, UZDS can show:
- Viennese cross -sectional size
- The speed of the movement, direction and intensity of the bloodstream (images of the color coding are displayed on the monitor of the medical devices)
- The condition of the valves, the venous walls (thanks to the topography of the ships)
- Specific localization of expansion
- The presence of blood clots, other obstacles to full blood circulation
Duplex diagnostics - "gold standard", among other things, to examine varicose veins on the legs.These include: occlusal platyism, radionuclid phleboscintography, reflective rheography, photoplet mography, CT, X -Ray -contact phlebography, direct phlebotonometry.With their help, the feasibility of a surgical intervention is revealed.The procedures contribute to identifying the amount and place of blood clots, pressure in the veins, characteristics of blood flow disorders.
Treatment
In the initial phase of the development of the disease, the means of local use - cream, ointments, help effectively.Such therapy is comfortable for home use.Only a few uses can reduce the symptoms of the expansion of surface veins by 43% a day in 10 to 14 days.Another way to strengthen the elasticity of the veins is a contrast shower or a bathroom.Under the influence of the temperature difference, the vessels and narrow ones expand and thus improve their sound.For the prevention and therapy of varicose veins, also use:
- The use of a decoction of chamomile and mint, alcohol tincture on the flowers of the white acacia.
- Wraps with a tincture of horse streamer.
- Grate into the affected places of apple cider vinegar with many trace elements, vitamins.
- Compressed with white, blue or green tone that can be found in a pharmacy.The recommended frequency of the procedure is twice a week.
Recipes of traditional medicine complement the prescribed drug treatment.However, the following methods can only be applied after the approval of a phlebologist.The purpose of the therapy is to restore the integrity and performance of the veins.There are 2 ways to achieve this: to use blood vessels (glue) or cut.
Laser treatment
The technology is based on the use of the thermal properties of the laser radiation.The light -break introduced under local anesthesia in Vienna increases the temperature of the blood hemoglobin, whereby the walls of the ship are "sealed" from the inside.The blood drain is redistributed into deeper veins.The radiation generated is shown so that they do not damage the surrounding fabrics.
After a while, the new cells formed are absorbed.After the procedure, it is recommended to use a special knitting paths of a compression type.It is important to refrain excessive physical exertion and wearing heels.Thanks to laser coagulation, it becomes possible to overcome varicose veins with a painless, minimally invasive way.
Sclerotherapy
It is prescribed in the early stages of the disease with a slight extent of the veins.Enables the lumen to regulate the lumen of small vessels from the "grid" or "stars".The procedure is a default injection without pain relief, the average manipulation period is 7 to 14 minutes.The sclerosing substance carries the function of gluing with the subsequent absorption of the recently formed binding structure.As a result, varicose veins stopped in 10 to 14 days.In exceptional cases, the relapse of the symptoms requires a re -editing sclerotherapy.
Stockings and tights
Compression underwear is classified by the length of: golf (on the knee), stockings (to the thigh), tights (to the waist).They are recommended patients during physical activity (including simulators or in a fitness room).Compression laundry is given for long -term movements or vice versa with a long stay in a seated position.Medical knitwear contribute to blood vessels in difficult periods for blood vessels.
The advantages of tights are invaluable: they compress veins and improve blood flow.Their production specificity is based on the main function - to help the blood move from the ground to the heart.Therefore, in the area of the ankles, they become hard and higher.A similar purpose in elastic bandages that contribute to removing swelling and complaints.However, knitting paths are more convenient and convenient to put on, remove, operate.The tension is installed by the manufacturer and the likelihood of gliding on the skin is minimal.
Surgical intervention
It is prescribed in the extreme phases of pathology if the rest of the therapeutic methods are ineffective.The most common operation is the phlebectomy (resection of large vessels).Also kept:
- Surgical interventions on a jacket focus and jarfer-fenome-south
- Amputation of the tribe of a large subcutaneous vein
- Intravasal plastic of deep vessels
Many are of the opinion of the inappropriateness of the removal of veins if they do not affect life.However, the surgeons have their arguments on this topic: to stop the risk of the formation of blood clots - first.The surgeon's professionalism plays an important role.
Rehabilitation after the operation
Contains standard matters for failure of lymphovenosis:
- Activation of mobility according to the permissible standards defined by the doctor.First, at least occasionally you have to knead your legs and then switch to physiotherapy exercises.
- Wear of elastic linen of the 1-2 compression class.An alternative - connect to the imposition of fixing tours.
- The use of venotonic drugs: include all types of ointments and not just.In the patient's severe conditions, local treatment with heparin -containing ointments, antibacterial and hormonal drugs are prescribed.Their goal is to reduce the swelling of the symptoms of dermatosis, dermatoliposclerosis;Improvement of soft tissue microcirculation.
- Physiotherapy: lymph wasting massage (if there are no complications, e.g. healing lymphoras and wounds), magnetotherapy (up to 8 methods for the entire rehabilitation period).
- The relief of hematoma, pain and inflammatory processes by using polyferment medication with the content of pentoxyphillin and antiplation.
With a responsible approach for the measures mentioned above, the recovery phase should not exceed 3 weeks, maximum - per month.The procedures minimize the risk of blood clots and reduce rehabilitation period.Contribute to the quick restoration of the full circulation of blood and work ability.Immediately after the operation, the position of the legs contributes to better blood circulation in a slightly increased state.Steps can only be taken for 2 days, exclusively with support for compression knitting clothes, to prevent relapse.In the postoperative period, it is strictly prohibited:
- Take hot baths or shower
- Lift the heaviness, prevent the body with excessive loads
- Use a hard washcloth and body care product (hygiene methods only have to be carried out with warm water).
- Remove crusts from the rooms of scar wounds
- Subject to a operated soft tissue infection (local antiseptics are used to prevent complications)
- violates the prescribed diet and a quiet lifestyle
The diet is necessary to contain fresh vegetables, fruit and greens that "alkalize" the body.Boil all dishes with cleaned water.Salt is better to replace the sea - it does not contain any strange contaminants that scratch the vessels from the inside.
prevention
To prevent varicose veins on the legs, it is sufficient to observe the main condition - daily, but moderate physical activity is required.Even patients with congenital defects of the venous walls can avoid the disease if the following recommendations are observed:
- Performing electromyostimulation of the legs is a simple but useful process that is used at home.It is sufficient to buy a neuromuscular stimulant in the pharmacy and use them according to the instructions.
- When flights or long trips, the legs should be massaged using the clamping, the light bump and rubbing.The massage eliminates stagnant phenomena in the lower extremities.
- Do not participate in wearing tight model shoes: the height of the heel is directly proportional to the risk of developing varicose veins.
- Cold water hardening is an effective way to tighten the heart cycle system.
After a long stay in a seated position, you have to take a walk or roll in a standing position from the toe to the heel.The listed recommendations are useful for people with office work who minimize the risk of varicose veins for drivers and sellers.